diff --git a/services/search-index-lambda/Cargo.lock b/services/search-index-lambda/Cargo.lock
index 68a58197f..b2410ffa5 100644
--- a/services/search-index-lambda/Cargo.lock
+++ b/services/search-index-lambda/Cargo.lock
@@ -1,1797 +1,1836 @@
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 dependencies = [
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 checksum = "7b5fac59a5cb5dd637972e5fca70daf0523c9067fcdc4842f053dae04a18f8e9"
 dependencies = [
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 ]
 
 [[package]]
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 checksum = "73473c0e59e6d5812c5dfe2a064a6444949f089e20eec9a2e5506596494e4623"
 
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "72b64191b275b66ffe2469e8af2c1cfe3bafa67b529ead792a6d0160888b4237"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
 version = "2.0.39"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "23e78b90f2fcf45d3e842032ce32e3f2d1545ba6636271dcbf24fa306d87be7a"
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 ]
 
 [[package]]
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 [[package]]
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 dependencies = [
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  "fastrand",
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  "rustix",
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thread_local"
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 [[package]]
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 dependencies = [
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 ]
 
 [[package]]
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 [[package]]
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 dependencies = [
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 [[package]]
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 [[package]]
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 [[package]]
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 dependencies = [
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 ]
 
 [[package]]
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 checksum = "5b8a1e28f2deaa14e508979454cb3a223b10b938b45af148bc0986de36f1923b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-native-tls"
 version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "bbae76ab933c85776efabc971569dd6119c580d8f5d448769dec1764bf796ef2"
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 [[package]]
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  "tokio",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
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 checksum = "5419f34732d9eb6ee4c3578b7989078579b7f039cbbb9ca2c4da015749371e15"
 dependencies = [
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  "tokio",
  "tracing",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
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 checksum = "b8fa9be0de6cf49e536ce1851f987bd21a43b771b09473c3549a6c853db37c1c"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "futures-util",
  "pin-project",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "tower-layer",
  "tower-service",
  "tracing",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tower-layer"
 version = "0.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c20c8dbed6283a09604c3e69b4b7eeb54e298b8a600d4d5ecb5ad39de609f1d0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tower-service"
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 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b6bc1c9ce2b5135ac7f93c72918fc37feb872bdc6a5533a8b85eb4b86bfdae52"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing"
 version = "0.1.40"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c3523ab5a71916ccf420eebdf5521fcef02141234bbc0b8a49f2fdc4544364ef"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "tracing-attributes",
  "tracing-core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-attributes"
 version = "0.1.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "34704c8d6ebcbc939824180af020566b01a7c01f80641264eba0999f6c2b6be7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-core"
 version = "0.1.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c06d3da6113f116aaee68e4d601191614c9053067f9ab7f6edbcb161237daa54"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "valuable",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-log"
 version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ee855f1f400bd0e5c02d150ae5de3840039a3f54b025156404e34c23c03f47c3"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "once_cell",
  "tracing-core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-subscriber"
 version = "0.3.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ad0f048c97dbd9faa9b7df56362b8ebcaa52adb06b498c050d2f4e32f90a7a8b"
 dependencies = [
  "matchers",
  "nu-ansi-term",
  "once_cell",
  "regex",
  "sharded-slab",
  "smallvec",
  "thread_local",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-core",
  "tracing-log",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "try-lock"
 version = "0.2.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3528ecfd12c466c6f163363caf2d02a71161dd5e1cc6ae7b34207ea2d42d81ed"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-bidi"
 version = "0.3.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "92888ba5573ff080736b3648696b70cafad7d250551175acbaa4e0385b3e1460"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
 version = "1.0.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3354b9ac3fae1ff6755cb6db53683adb661634f67557942dea4facebec0fee4b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-normalization"
 version = "0.1.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5c5713f0fc4b5db668a2ac63cdb7bb4469d8c9fed047b1d0292cc7b0ce2ba921"
 dependencies = [
  "tinyvec",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "url"
 version = "2.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "143b538f18257fac9cad154828a57c6bf5157e1aa604d4816b5995bf6de87ae5"
 dependencies = [
  "form_urlencoded",
  "idna",
  "percent-encoding",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "valuable"
 version = "0.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "830b7e5d4d90034032940e4ace0d9a9a057e7a45cd94e6c007832e39edb82f6d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vcpkg"
 version = "0.2.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "accd4ea62f7bb7a82fe23066fb0957d48ef677f6eeb8215f372f52e48bb32426"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vsimd"
 version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5c3082ca00d5a5ef149bb8b555a72ae84c9c59f7250f013ac822ac2e49b19c64"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "want"
 version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "bfa7760aed19e106de2c7c0b581b509f2f25d3dacaf737cb82ac61bc6d760b0e"
 dependencies = [
  "try-lock",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasi"
 version = "0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9c8d87e72b64a3b4db28d11ce29237c246188f4f51057d65a7eab63b7987e423"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
 version = "0.2.88"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7daec296f25a1bae309c0cd5c29c4b260e510e6d813c286b19eaadf409d40fce"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-backend"
 version = "0.2.88"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e397f4664c0e4e428e8313a469aaa58310d302159845980fd23b0f22a847f217"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "log",
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-futures"
 version = "0.4.38"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9afec9963e3d0994cac82455b2b3502b81a7f40f9a0d32181f7528d9f4b43e02"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
  "web-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
 version = "0.2.88"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5961017b3b08ad5f3fe39f1e79877f8ee7c23c5e5fd5eb80de95abc41f1f16b2"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
 version = "0.2.88"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c5353b8dab669f5e10f5bd76df26a9360c748f054f862ff5f3f8aae0c7fb3907"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
  "wasm-bindgen-backend",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
 version = "0.2.88"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0d046c5d029ba91a1ed14da14dca44b68bf2f124cfbaf741c54151fdb3e0750b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "web-sys"
 version = "0.3.65"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5db499c5f66323272151db0e666cd34f78617522fb0c1604d31a27c50c206a85"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi"
 version = "0.3.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5c839a674fcd7a98952e593242ea400abe93992746761e38641405d28b00f419"
 dependencies = [
  "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu",
  "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu"
 version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu"
 version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-core"
 version = "0.51.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f1f8cf84f35d2db49a46868f947758c7a1138116f7fac3bc844f43ade1292e64"
 dependencies = [
  "windows-targets",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
 version = "0.48.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "677d2418bec65e3338edb076e806bc1ec15693c5d0104683f2efe857f61056a9"
 dependencies = [
  "windows-targets",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-targets"
 version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9a2fa6e2155d7247be68c096456083145c183cbbbc2764150dda45a87197940c"
 dependencies = [
  "windows_aarch64_gnullvm",
  "windows_aarch64_msvc",
  "windows_i686_gnu",
  "windows_i686_msvc",
  "windows_x86_64_gnu",
  "windows_x86_64_gnullvm",
  "windows_x86_64_msvc",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
 version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2b38e32f0abccf9987a4e3079dfb67dcd799fb61361e53e2882c3cbaf0d905d8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
 version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "dc35310971f3b2dbbf3f0690a219f40e2d9afcf64f9ab7cc1be722937c26b4bc"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnu"
 version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a75915e7def60c94dcef72200b9a8e58e5091744960da64ec734a6c6e9b3743e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_msvc"
 version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8f55c233f70c4b27f66c523580f78f1004e8b5a8b659e05a4eb49d4166cca406"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
 version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "53d40abd2583d23e4718fddf1ebec84dbff8381c07cae67ff7768bbf19c6718e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
 version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0b7b52767868a23d5bab768e390dc5f5c55825b6d30b86c844ff2dc7414044cc"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
 version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ed94fce61571a4006852b7389a063ab983c02eb1bb37b47f8272ce92d06d9538"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winreg"
 version = "0.50.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "524e57b2c537c0f9b1e69f1965311ec12182b4122e45035b1508cd24d2adadb1"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "windows-sys",
 ]
diff --git a/services/search-index-lambda/Cargo.toml b/services/search-index-lambda/Cargo.toml
index e03bf2a81..e764e961c 100644
--- a/services/search-index-lambda/Cargo.toml
+++ b/services/search-index-lambda/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 [package]
 name = "search-index-lambda"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 aws_lambda_events = "0.12.0"
 
 lambda_runtime = "0.8.1"
 reqwest = "0.11.22"
 serde_json = "1.0.108"
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["macros"] }
 openssl = { version = "0.10", features = ["vendored"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.16", features = ["env-filter"] }
 serde_derive = "1.0.193"
 serde = "1.0.193"
 aws-smithy-types = "1.1.1"
-anyhow = "1.0.75"
+derive_more = "0.99.17"
diff --git a/services/search-index-lambda/src/error.rs b/services/search-index-lambda/src/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e46256e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/search-index-lambda/src/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#[derive(
+  Debug, derive_more::Display, derive_more::From, derive_more::Error,
+)]
+pub enum Error {
+  #[display(fmt = "Payload Error: {:?}", _0)]
+  PayloadError(RecordError),
+  #[display(fmt = "Missing OPENSEARCH_ENDPOINT: {:?}", _0)]
+  MissingOpenSearchEndpoint(std::env::VarError),
+  #[display(fmt = "Serialization Error: {:?}", _0)]
+  SerializationError(serde_json::Error),
+  #[display(fmt = "Tracing Error {:?}", _0)]
+  TracingError(tracing::subscriber::SetGlobalDefaultError),
+  #[display(fmt = "Reqwest Error {:?}", _0)]
+  ReqwestError(reqwest::Error),
+  #[display(fmt = "Update Index Error: Status Code: {:?}", _0)]
+  UpdateIndexError(#[error(ignore)] reqwest::StatusCode),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, derive_more::Display, derive_more::Error)]
+pub enum RecordError {
+  InvalidAttributeType,
+  MissingEventName,
+  MissingDynamoDBStreamRecord,
+  MissingNewImage,
+  MissingOldImage,
+  MissingUserId,
+  MissingUsername,
+}
diff --git a/services/search-index-lambda/src/main.rs b/services/search-index-lambda/src/main.rs
index eaccab0fd..601c35ef2 100644
--- a/services/search-index-lambda/src/main.rs
+++ b/services/search-index-lambda/src/main.rs
@@ -1,227 +1,229 @@
-use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
-use lambda_runtime::{service_fn, Error, LambdaEvent};
+use lambda_runtime::{service_fn, LambdaEvent};
 use reqwest::Response;
 use serde::Serialize;
 use tracing::{self, Level};
 use tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter;
 
 mod constants;
+mod error;
 mod payload;
 mod query;
 
+use error::{Error, RecordError};
 use payload::{AttributeValue, EventPayload, OperationType, StreamRecord};
 use query::{Match, Query, Script, Term, UpdateByQuery};
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Debug)]
 pub struct User {
   #[serde(rename = "userID")]
   pub user_id: String,
   pub username: String,
 }
 
 #[tokio::main]
-async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+async fn main() -> Result<(), lambda_runtime::Error> {
   let filter = EnvFilter::builder()
     .with_default_directive(Level::INFO.into())
     .with_env_var(constants::LOG_LEVEL_ENV_VAR)
     .from_env_lossy();
 
   let subscriber = tracing_subscriber::fmt()
     .with_target(false)
     .without_time()
     .with_env_filter(filter)
     .finish();
 
   tracing::subscriber::set_global_default(subscriber)
-    .expect("Unable to configure tracing");
+    .map_err(|e| Error::TracingError(e))?;
 
   let func = service_fn(func);
   lambda_runtime::run(func).await?;
 
   Ok(())
 }
 
-async fn func(event: LambdaEvent<EventPayload>) -> Result<()> {
+async fn func(event: LambdaEvent<EventPayload>) -> Result<(), error::Error> {
   tracing::debug!("Running in debug mode");
 
-  let endpoint =  std::env::var("OPENSEARCH_ENDPOINT")
-  .expect("An OPENSEARCH_ENDPOINT must be set in this app's Lambda environment variables.");
+  let endpoint = std::env::var("OPENSEARCH_ENDPOINT")
+    .map_err(|e| Error::MissingOpenSearchEndpoint(e))?;
 
   tracing::info!("endpoint: {:?}", endpoint);
 
   let (payload, _context) = event.into_parts();
   println!("records: {}", &payload.records.len());
 
   for record in payload.records {
-    let event_name = record.event_name.expect("failed to get event name");
-    let dynamodb = record
-      .dynamodb
-      .expect("failed to get dynamodb StreamRecord");
+    let event_name = record
+      .event_name
+      .ok_or(Error::PayloadError(RecordError::MissingEventName))?;
+    let dynamodb = record.dynamodb.ok_or(Error::PayloadError(
+      RecordError::MissingDynamoDBStreamRecord,
+    ))?;
 
     let res = match event_name {
-      OperationType::Insert => handle_insert(&dynamodb, &endpoint).await?,
-      OperationType::Modify => handle_modify(&dynamodb, &endpoint).await?,
-      OperationType::Remove => handle_remove(&dynamodb, &endpoint).await?,
-    };
+      OperationType::Insert => handle_insert(&dynamodb, &endpoint).await,
+      OperationType::Modify => handle_modify(&dynamodb, &endpoint).await,
+      OperationType::Remove => handle_remove(&dynamodb, &endpoint).await,
+    }?;
 
     match res.status() {
       reqwest::StatusCode::OK | reqwest::StatusCode::CREATED => {
         tracing::info!("Successful identity-search {:?} operation", event_name);
       }
       _ => {
         tracing::error!(
           "failed to update identity-search index, status: {}",
           res.status()
         );
 
-        return Err(anyhow!(
-          "failed to update identity-search index, status: {}",
-          res.status()
-        ));
+        return Err(Error::UpdateIndexError(res.status()));
       }
     }
   }
 
   Ok(())
 }
 
-async fn send_request(
+async fn update_index(
   url: String,
   json_body: String,
-) -> Result<Response, anyhow::Error> {
+) -> Result<Response, error::Error> {
   let client = reqwest::Client::new();
 
   client
     .post(url)
     .header(reqwest::header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
     .body(json_body)
     .send()
     .await
-    .map_err(|err| {
-      anyhow!("failed to update identity-search index, err: {}", err)
+    .map_err(|e| {
+      tracing::error!("Reqwest Error: {:?}", e);
+      Error::ReqwestError(e)
     })
 }
 
 async fn handle_insert(
   dynamodb: &StreamRecord,
   endpoint: &str,
-) -> Result<Response, anyhow::Error> {
+) -> Result<Response, error::Error> {
   tracing::info!("Handle INSERT event");
   let new_image = dynamodb
     .new_image
     .as_ref()
-    .expect("failed to get new image");
+    .ok_or(Error::PayloadError(RecordError::MissingNewImage))?;
 
   let user_id_attribute = new_image
     .get(constants::DYNAMODB_USER_ID_KEY)
-    .expect("failed to get userid");
+    .ok_or(Error::PayloadError(RecordError::MissingUserId))?;
+
   let username_attribute = new_image
     .get(constants::DYNAMODB_USERNAME_KEY)
-    .expect("failed to get username");
+    .ok_or(Error::PayloadError(RecordError::MissingUsername))?;
 
   let (user_id, username) = match (user_id_attribute, username_attribute) {
     (AttributeValue::S(user_id), AttributeValue::S(username)) => {
       (user_id, username)
     }
-    _ => {
-      return Err(anyhow!(
-        "failed to get user_id and username from AttributeValue"
-      ))
-    }
+    _ => return Err(Error::PayloadError(RecordError::InvalidAttributeType)),
   };
 
   let user_body = User {
     user_id: user_id.clone(),
     username: username.clone(),
   };
 
-  let json_body =
-    serde_json::to_string(&user_body).expect("failed to serialize user body");
+  let json_body = serde_json::to_string(&user_body).map_err(|e| {
+    tracing::error!("Serialization Error: {:?}", e);
+    Error::SerializationError(e)
+  })?;
 
   let url = format!("https://{}/users/_doc/{}", endpoint, user_body.user_id);
 
-  send_request(url, json_body).await
+  update_index(url, json_body).await
 }
 
 async fn handle_modify(
   dynamodb: &StreamRecord,
   endpoint: &str,
-) -> Result<Response, anyhow::Error> {
+) -> Result<Response, error::Error> {
   tracing::info!("Handle MODIFY event");
   let new_image = dynamodb
     .new_image
     .as_ref()
-    .expect("failed to get new image");
+    .ok_or(Error::PayloadError(RecordError::MissingNewImage))?;
 
   let user_id_attribute = new_image
     .get(constants::DYNAMODB_USER_ID_KEY)
-    .expect("failed to get userid");
+    .ok_or(Error::PayloadError(RecordError::MissingUserId))?;
+
   let username_attribute = new_image
     .get(constants::DYNAMODB_USERNAME_KEY)
-    .expect("failed to get username");
+    .ok_or(Error::PayloadError(RecordError::MissingUsername))?;
 
   let (user_id, username) = match (user_id_attribute, username_attribute) {
     (AttributeValue::S(user_id), AttributeValue::S(username)) => {
       (user_id, username)
     }
-    _ => {
-      return Err(anyhow!(
-        "failed to get user_id and username from AttributeValue",
-      ))
-    }
+    _ => return Err(Error::PayloadError(RecordError::InvalidAttributeType)),
   };
 
   let update_by_query = UpdateByQuery {
     query: Query {
       r#match: None,
       term: Some(Term {
         user_id: user_id.clone(),
       }),
     },
     script: Some(Script {
       source: format!("ctx._source.username = \"{}\"", username),
       lang: "painless".to_string(),
     }),
   };
 
-  let json_body = serde_json::to_string(&update_by_query)
-    .expect("failed to serialize user body");
+  let json_body = serde_json::to_string(&update_by_query).map_err(|e| {
+    tracing::error!("Serialization Error: {:?}", e);
+    Error::SerializationError(e)
+  })?;
+
   let url = format!("https://{}/users/_update_by_query/", endpoint);
 
-  send_request(url, json_body).await
+  update_index(url, json_body).await
 }
 
 async fn handle_remove(
   dynamodb: &StreamRecord,
   endpoint: &str,
-) -> Result<Response, anyhow::Error> {
+) -> Result<Response, error::Error> {
   tracing::info!("Handle REMOVE event");
   let old_image = dynamodb
     .old_image
     .as_ref()
-    .expect("failed to get old image");
+    .ok_or(Error::PayloadError(RecordError::MissingOldImage))?;
 
   let user_id_attribute = old_image
     .get(constants::DYNAMODB_USER_ID_KEY)
-    .expect("failed to get userid");
+    .ok_or(Error::PayloadError(RecordError::MissingUserId))?;
   let user_id = match user_id_attribute {
     AttributeValue::S(user_id) => user_id,
-    _ => return Err(anyhow!("failed to get user_id from AttributeValue")),
+    _ => return Err(Error::PayloadError(RecordError::InvalidAttributeType)),
   };
 
   let update_by_query = UpdateByQuery {
     query: Query {
       r#match: Some(Match {
         user_id: user_id.clone(),
       }),
       term: None,
     },
     script: None,
   };
 
-  let json_body = serde_json::to_string(&update_by_query)
-    .expect("failed to serialize user body");
+  let json_body = serde_json::to_string(&update_by_query).map_err(|e| {
+    tracing::error!("Serialization Error: {:?}", e);
+    Error::SerializationError(e)
+  })?;
   let url = format!("https://{}/users/_delete_by_query/", endpoint);
 
-  send_request(url, json_body).await
+  update_index(url, json_body).await
 }