diff --git a/services/tunnelbroker/src/notifs/apns/mod.rs b/services/tunnelbroker/src/notifs/apns/mod.rs
index ccf39b6bb..8833a2eba 100644
--- a/services/tunnelbroker/src/notifs/apns/mod.rs
+++ b/services/tunnelbroker/src/notifs/apns/mod.rs
@@ -1,137 +1,137 @@
 use crate::notifs::apns::config::APNsConfig;
 use crate::notifs::apns::error::Error::ResponseError;
 use crate::notifs::apns::headers::{NotificationHeaders, PushType};
 use crate::notifs::apns::response::ErrorBody;
 use crate::notifs::apns::token::APNsToken;
 use reqwest::header::{HeaderMap, HeaderValue, AUTHORIZATION};
 use reqwest::StatusCode;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::time::Duration;
 use tracing::debug;
 
 pub mod config;
 pub mod error;
 pub(crate) mod headers;
-pub mod response;
+mod response;
 pub mod token;
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct APNsClient {
   http2_client: reqwest::Client,
   token: APNsToken,
   is_prod: bool,
 }
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct APNsNotif {
   pub device_token: String,
   pub headers: NotificationHeaders,
   pub payload: String,
 }
 
 impl APNsClient {
   pub fn new(config: &APNsConfig) -> Result<Self, error::Error> {
     let token_ttl = Duration::from_secs(60 * 55);
     let token = APNsToken::new(config, token_ttl)?;
 
     let http2_client = reqwest::Client::builder()
       .http2_prior_knowledge()
       .http2_keep_alive_interval(Some(Duration::from_secs(5)))
       .http2_keep_alive_while_idle(true)
       .build()?;
 
     Ok(APNsClient {
       http2_client,
       token,
       is_prod: config.production,
     })
   }
 
   async fn build_headers(
     &self,
     notif_headers: NotificationHeaders,
   ) -> Result<HeaderMap, error::Error> {
     let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
 
     headers.insert(
       reqwest::header::CONTENT_TYPE,
       HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"),
     );
 
     let bearer = self.token.get_bearer().await?;
     let token = format!("bearer {bearer}");
     headers.insert(AUTHORIZATION, HeaderValue::from_str(&token)?);
 
     if let Some(apns_topic) = &notif_headers.apns_topic {
       headers.insert("apns-topic", HeaderValue::from_str(apns_topic)?);
     }
 
     if let Some(apns_id) = &notif_headers.apns_id {
       headers.insert("apns-id", HeaderValue::from_str(apns_id)?);
     }
 
     if let Some(push_type) = &notif_headers.apns_push_type {
       let push_type_str = match push_type {
         PushType::Alert => "alert",
         PushType::Background => "background",
         PushType::Location => "location",
         PushType::Voip => "voip",
         PushType::Complication => "complication",
         PushType::FileProvider => "fileprovider",
         PushType::Mdm => "mdm",
         PushType::LiveActivity => "live",
         PushType::PushToTalk => "pushtotalk",
       };
       headers.insert("apns-push-type", HeaderValue::from_static(push_type_str));
     }
 
     if let Some(expiration) = notif_headers.apns_expiration {
       headers.insert("apns-expiration", HeaderValue::from(expiration));
     }
 
     if let Some(priority) = notif_headers.apns_priority {
       headers.insert("apns-priority", HeaderValue::from(priority));
     }
 
     if let Some(collapse_id) = &notif_headers.apns_collapse_id {
       headers.insert("apns-collapse-id", HeaderValue::from_str(collapse_id)?);
     }
 
     Ok(headers)
   }
 
   fn get_endpoint(&self) -> &'static str {
     if self.is_prod {
       return "api.push.apple.com";
     }
     "api.development.push.apple.com"
   }
 
   pub async fn send(&self, notif: APNsNotif) -> Result<(), error::Error> {
     debug!("Sending APNs notif to {}", notif.device_token);
 
     let headers = self.build_headers(notif.headers.clone()).await?;
 
     let url = format!(
       "https://{}/3/device/{}",
       self.get_endpoint(),
       notif.device_token
     );
 
     let response = self
       .http2_client
       .post(url)
       .headers(headers.clone())
       .body(notif.payload)
       .send()
       .await?;
 
     match response.status() {
       StatusCode::OK => Ok(()),
       _ => {
         let error_body: ErrorBody = response.json().await?;
         Err(ResponseError(error_body))
       }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/services/tunnelbroker/src/websockets/session.rs b/services/tunnelbroker/src/websockets/session.rs
index 988c0d81a..d759ae879 100644
--- a/services/tunnelbroker/src/websockets/session.rs
+++ b/services/tunnelbroker/src/websockets/session.rs
@@ -1,625 +1,586 @@
 use crate::constants::{
   CLIENT_RMQ_MSG_PRIORITY, DDB_RMQ_MSG_PRIORITY, MAX_RMQ_MSG_PRIORITY,
   RMQ_CONSUMER_TAG,
 };
 use comm_lib::aws::ddb::error::SdkError;
 use comm_lib::aws::ddb::operation::put_item::PutItemError;
 use derive_more;
 use futures_util::stream::SplitSink;
 use futures_util::SinkExt;
 use futures_util::StreamExt;
 use hyper_tungstenite::{tungstenite::Message, WebSocketStream};
 use lapin::message::Delivery;
 use lapin::options::{
   BasicCancelOptions, BasicConsumeOptions, BasicPublishOptions,
   QueueDeclareOptions, QueueDeleteOptions,
 };
 use lapin::types::FieldTable;
 use lapin::BasicProperties;
 use tokio::io::AsyncRead;
 use tokio::io::AsyncWrite;
 use tracing::{debug, error, info, trace};
-use tunnelbroker_messages::bad_device_token::BadDeviceToken;
 use tunnelbroker_messages::{
   message_to_device_request_status::Failure,
   message_to_device_request_status::MessageSentStatus, session::DeviceTypes,
   DeviceToTunnelbrokerMessage, Heartbeat, MessageToDevice,
   MessageToDeviceRequest, MessageToTunnelbroker,
 };
 
-use crate::notifs::apns::response::ErrorReason;
-
 use crate::database::{self, DatabaseClient, MessageToDeviceExt};
 use crate::identity;
-use crate::notifs::apns::error::Error;
 use crate::notifs::apns::headers::NotificationHeaders;
 use crate::notifs::apns::APNsNotif;
 use crate::notifs::fcm::firebase_message::{
   AndroidConfig, AndroidMessagePriority, FCMMessage,
 };
 use crate::notifs::web_push::WebPushNotif;
 use crate::notifs::NotifClient;
 
 pub struct DeviceInfo {
   pub device_id: String,
   pub notify_token: Option<String>,
   pub device_type: DeviceTypes,
   pub device_app_version: Option<String>,
   pub device_os: Option<String>,
   pub is_authenticated: bool,
 }
 
 pub struct WebsocketSession<S> {
   tx: SplitSink<WebSocketStream<S>, Message>,
   db_client: DatabaseClient,
   pub device_info: DeviceInfo,
   amqp_channel: lapin::Channel,
   // Stream of messages from AMQP endpoint
   amqp_consumer: lapin::Consumer,
   notif_client: NotifClient,
 }
 
 #[derive(
   Debug, derive_more::Display, derive_more::From, derive_more::Error,
 )]
 pub enum SessionError {
   InvalidMessage,
   SerializationError(serde_json::Error),
   MessageError(database::MessageErrors),
   AmqpError(lapin::Error),
   InternalError,
   UnauthorizedDevice,
   PersistenceError(SdkError<PutItemError>),
   DatabaseError(comm_lib::database::Error),
   MissingAPNsClient,
   MissingFCMClient,
   MissingWebPushClient,
   MissingDeviceToken,
   InvalidDeviceToken,
 }
 
 // Parse a session request and retrieve the device information
 pub async fn handle_first_message_from_device(
   message: &str,
 ) -> Result<DeviceInfo, SessionError> {
   let serialized_message =
     serde_json::from_str::<DeviceToTunnelbrokerMessage>(message)?;
 
   match serialized_message {
     DeviceToTunnelbrokerMessage::ConnectionInitializationMessage(
       mut session_info,
     ) => {
       let device_info = DeviceInfo {
         device_id: session_info.device_id.clone(),
         notify_token: session_info.notify_token.take(),
         device_type: session_info.device_type,
         device_app_version: session_info.device_app_version.take(),
         device_os: session_info.device_os.take(),
         is_authenticated: true,
       };
 
       // Authenticate device
       debug!("Authenticating device: {}", &session_info.device_id);
       let auth_request = identity::verify_user_access_token(
         &session_info.user_id,
         &device_info.device_id,
         &session_info.access_token,
       )
       .await;
 
       match auth_request {
         Err(e) => {
           error!("Failed to complete request to identity service: {:?}", e);
           return Err(SessionError::InternalError);
         }
         Ok(false) => {
           info!("Device failed authentication: {}", &session_info.device_id);
           return Err(SessionError::UnauthorizedDevice);
         }
         Ok(true) => {
           debug!(
             "Successfully authenticated device: {}",
             &session_info.device_id
           );
         }
       }
 
       Ok(device_info)
     }
     DeviceToTunnelbrokerMessage::AnonymousInitializationMessage(
       session_info,
     ) => {
       debug!(
         "Starting unauthenticated session with device: {}",
         &session_info.device_id
       );
       let device_info = DeviceInfo {
         device_id: session_info.device_id,
         device_type: session_info.device_type,
         device_app_version: session_info.device_app_version,
         device_os: session_info.device_os,
         is_authenticated: false,
         notify_token: None,
       };
       Ok(device_info)
     }
     _ => {
       debug!("Received invalid request");
       Err(SessionError::InvalidMessage)
     }
   }
 }
 
 async fn publish_persisted_messages(
   db_client: &DatabaseClient,
   amqp_channel: &lapin::Channel,
   device_info: &DeviceInfo,
 ) -> Result<(), SessionError> {
   let messages = db_client
     .retrieve_messages(&device_info.device_id)
     .await
     .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
       error!("Error while retrieving messages: {}", e);
       Vec::new()
     });
 
   for message in messages {
     let message_to_device = MessageToDevice::from_hashmap(message)?;
 
     let serialized_message = serde_json::to_string(&message_to_device)?;
 
     amqp_channel
       .basic_publish(
         "",
         &message_to_device.device_id,
         BasicPublishOptions::default(),
         serialized_message.as_bytes(),
         BasicProperties::default().with_priority(DDB_RMQ_MSG_PRIORITY),
       )
       .await?;
   }
 
   debug!("Flushed messages for device: {}", &device_info.device_id);
   Ok(())
 }
 
 pub async fn initialize_amqp(
   db_client: DatabaseClient,
   frame: Message,
   amqp_channel: &lapin::Channel,
 ) -> Result<(DeviceInfo, lapin::Consumer), SessionError> {
   let device_info = match frame {
     Message::Text(payload) => {
       handle_first_message_from_device(&payload).await?
     }
     _ => {
       error!("Client sent wrong frame type for establishing connection");
       return Err(SessionError::InvalidMessage);
     }
   };
 
   let mut args = FieldTable::default();
   args.insert("x-max-priority".into(), MAX_RMQ_MSG_PRIORITY.into());
   amqp_channel
     .queue_declare(&device_info.device_id, QueueDeclareOptions::default(), args)
     .await?;
 
   publish_persisted_messages(&db_client, amqp_channel, &device_info).await?;
 
   let amqp_consumer = amqp_channel
     .basic_consume(
       &device_info.device_id,
       RMQ_CONSUMER_TAG,
       BasicConsumeOptions::default(),
       FieldTable::default(),
     )
     .await?;
   Ok((device_info, amqp_consumer))
 }
 impl<S: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin> WebsocketSession<S> {
   pub fn new(
     tx: SplitSink<WebSocketStream<S>, Message>,
     db_client: DatabaseClient,
     device_info: DeviceInfo,
     amqp_channel: lapin::Channel,
     amqp_consumer: lapin::Consumer,
     notif_client: NotifClient,
   ) -> Self {
     Self {
       tx,
       db_client,
       device_info,
       amqp_channel,
       amqp_consumer,
       notif_client,
     }
   }
 
   pub async fn handle_message_to_device(
     &self,
     message_request: &MessageToDeviceRequest,
   ) -> Result<(), SessionError> {
     let message_id = self
       .db_client
       .persist_message(
         &message_request.device_id,
         &message_request.payload,
         &message_request.client_message_id,
       )
       .await?;
 
     let message_to_device = MessageToDevice {
       device_id: message_request.device_id.clone(),
       payload: message_request.payload.clone(),
       message_id: message_id.clone(),
     };
 
     let serialized_message = serde_json::to_string(&message_to_device)?;
 
     let publish_result = self
       .amqp_channel
       .basic_publish(
         "",
         &message_request.device_id,
         BasicPublishOptions::default(),
         serialized_message.as_bytes(),
         BasicProperties::default().with_priority(CLIENT_RMQ_MSG_PRIORITY),
       )
       .await;
 
     if let Err(publish_error) = publish_result {
       self
         .db_client
         .delete_message(&self.device_info.device_id, &message_id)
         .await
         .expect("Error deleting message");
       return Err(SessionError::AmqpError(publish_error));
     }
     Ok(())
   }
 
   pub async fn handle_message_to_tunnelbroker(
     &self,
     message_to_tunnelbroker: &MessageToTunnelbroker,
   ) -> Result<(), SessionError> {
     match message_to_tunnelbroker {
       MessageToTunnelbroker::SetDeviceToken(token) => {
         self
           .db_client
           .set_device_token(&self.device_info.device_id, &token.device_token)
           .await?;
       }
     }
 
     Ok(())
   }
 
   pub async fn handle_websocket_frame_from_device(
     &mut self,
     msg: String,
   ) -> Option<MessageSentStatus> {
     let Ok(serialized_message) =
       serde_json::from_str::<DeviceToTunnelbrokerMessage>(&msg)
     else {
       return Some(MessageSentStatus::SerializationError(msg));
     };
 
     match serialized_message {
       DeviceToTunnelbrokerMessage::Heartbeat(Heartbeat {}) => {
         trace!("Received heartbeat from: {}", self.device_info.device_id);
         None
       }
       DeviceToTunnelbrokerMessage::MessageReceiveConfirmation(confirmation) => {
         for message_id in confirmation.message_ids {
           if let Err(e) = self
             .db_client
             .delete_message(&self.device_info.device_id, &message_id)
             .await
           {
             error!("Failed to delete message: {}:", e);
           }
         }
 
         None
       }
       DeviceToTunnelbrokerMessage::MessageToDeviceRequest(message_request) => {
         // unauthenticated clients cannot send messages
         if !self.device_info.is_authenticated {
           debug!(
             "Unauthenticated device {} tried to send text message. Aborting.",
             self.device_info.device_id
           );
           return Some(MessageSentStatus::Unauthenticated);
         }
         debug!("Received message for {}", message_request.device_id);
 
         let result = self.handle_message_to_device(&message_request).await;
         Some(self.get_message_to_device_status(
           &message_request.client_message_id,
           result,
         ))
       }
       DeviceToTunnelbrokerMessage::MessageToTunnelbrokerRequest(
         message_request,
       ) => {
         // unauthenticated clients cannot send messages
         if !self.device_info.is_authenticated {
           debug!(
             "Unauthenticated device {} tried to send text message. Aborting.",
             self.device_info.device_id
           );
           return Some(MessageSentStatus::Unauthenticated);
         }
         debug!("Received message for Tunnelbroker");
 
         let Ok(message_to_tunnelbroker) =
           serde_json::from_str(&message_request.payload)
         else {
           return Some(MessageSentStatus::SerializationError(
             message_request.payload,
           ));
         };
 
         let result = self
           .handle_message_to_tunnelbroker(&message_to_tunnelbroker)
           .await;
         Some(self.get_message_to_device_status(
           &message_request.client_message_id,
           result,
         ))
       }
       DeviceToTunnelbrokerMessage::APNsNotif(notif) => {
         // unauthenticated clients cannot send notifs
         if !self.device_info.is_authenticated {
           debug!(
             "Unauthenticated device {} tried to send text notif. Aborting.",
             self.device_info.device_id
           );
           return Some(MessageSentStatus::Unauthenticated);
         }
         debug!("Received APNs notif for {}", notif.device_id);
 
         let Ok(headers) =
           serde_json::from_str::<NotificationHeaders>(&notif.headers)
         else {
           return Some(MessageSentStatus::SerializationError(notif.headers));
         };
 
-        let device_token =
-          match self.get_device_token(notif.device_id.clone()).await {
-            Ok(token) => token,
-            Err(e) => {
-              return Some(self.get_message_to_device_status(
-                &notif.client_message_id,
-                Err(e),
-              ))
-            }
-          };
+        let device_token = match self.get_device_token(notif.device_id).await {
+          Ok(token) => token,
+          Err(e) => {
+            return Some(
+              self
+                .get_message_to_device_status(&notif.client_message_id, Err(e)),
+            )
+          }
+        };
 
         let apns_notif = APNsNotif {
-          device_token: device_token.clone(),
+          device_token,
           headers,
           payload: notif.payload,
         };
 
         if let Some(apns) = self.notif_client.apns.clone() {
           let response = apns.send(apns_notif).await;
-          if let Err(Error::ResponseError(body)) = &response {
-            if matches!(body.reason, ErrorReason::BadDeviceToken) {
-              if let Err(e) = self
-                .invalidate_device_token(notif.device_id, device_token)
-                .await
-              {
-                error!("Error invalidating device token: {:?}", e);
-              };
-            }
-          }
           return Some(
             self
               .get_message_to_device_status(&notif.client_message_id, response),
           );
         }
 
         Some(self.get_message_to_device_status(
           &notif.client_message_id,
           Err(SessionError::MissingAPNsClient),
         ))
       }
       DeviceToTunnelbrokerMessage::FCMNotif(notif) => {
         // unauthenticated clients cannot send notifs
         if !self.device_info.is_authenticated {
           debug!(
             "Unauthenticated device {} tried to send text notif. Aborting.",
             self.device_info.device_id
           );
           return Some(MessageSentStatus::Unauthenticated);
         }
         debug!("Received FCM notif for {}", notif.device_id);
 
         let Some(priority) = AndroidMessagePriority::from_str(&notif.priority)
         else {
           return Some(MessageSentStatus::SerializationError(notif.priority));
         };
 
         let Ok(data) = serde_json::from_str(&notif.data) else {
           return Some(MessageSentStatus::SerializationError(notif.data));
         };
 
         let device_token = match self.get_device_token(notif.device_id).await {
           Ok(token) => token,
           Err(e) => {
             return Some(
               self
                 .get_message_to_device_status(&notif.client_message_id, Err(e)),
             )
           }
         };
 
         let fcm_message = FCMMessage {
           data,
           token: device_token.to_string(),
           android: AndroidConfig { priority },
         };
 
         if let Some(fcm) = self.notif_client.fcm.clone() {
           let response = fcm.send(fcm_message).await;
           return Some(
             self
               .get_message_to_device_status(&notif.client_message_id, response),
           );
         }
 
         Some(self.get_message_to_device_status(
           &notif.client_message_id,
           Err(SessionError::MissingFCMClient),
         ))
       }
       DeviceToTunnelbrokerMessage::WebPushNotif(notif) => {
         // unauthenticated clients cannot send notifs
         if !self.device_info.is_authenticated {
           debug!(
             "Unauthenticated device {} tried to send web push notif. Aborting.",
             self.device_info.device_id
           );
           return Some(MessageSentStatus::Unauthenticated);
         }
         debug!("Received WebPush notif for {}", notif.device_id);
 
         let Some(web_push_client) = self.notif_client.web_push.clone() else {
           return Some(self.get_message_to_device_status(
             &notif.client_message_id,
             Err(SessionError::MissingWebPushClient),
           ));
         };
 
         let device_token = match self.get_device_token(notif.device_id).await {
           Ok(token) => token,
           Err(e) => {
             return Some(
               self
                 .get_message_to_device_status(&notif.client_message_id, Err(e)),
             )
           }
         };
 
         let web_push_notif = WebPushNotif {
           device_token,
           payload: notif.payload,
         };
 
         let result = web_push_client.send(web_push_notif).await;
         Some(
           self.get_message_to_device_status(&notif.client_message_id, result),
         )
       }
       _ => {
         error!("Client sent invalid message type");
         Some(MessageSentStatus::InvalidRequest)
       }
     }
   }
 
   pub async fn next_amqp_message(
     &mut self,
   ) -> Option<Result<Delivery, lapin::Error>> {
     self.amqp_consumer.next().await
   }
 
   pub async fn send_message_to_device(&mut self, message: Message) {
     if let Err(e) = self.tx.send(message).await {
       error!("Failed to send message to device: {}", e);
     }
   }
 
   // Release WebSocket and remove from active connections
   pub async fn close(&mut self) {
     if let Err(e) = self.tx.close().await {
       debug!("Failed to close WebSocket session: {}", e);
     }
 
     if let Err(e) = self
       .amqp_channel
       .basic_cancel(
         self.amqp_consumer.tag().as_str(),
         BasicCancelOptions::default(),
       )
       .await
     {
       error!("Failed to cancel consumer: {}", e);
     }
 
     if let Err(e) = self
       .amqp_channel
       .queue_delete(
         self.device_info.device_id.as_str(),
         QueueDeleteOptions::default(),
       )
       .await
     {
       error!("Failed to delete queue: {}", e);
     }
   }
 
   pub fn get_message_to_device_status<E>(
     &mut self,
     client_message_id: &str,
     result: Result<(), E>,
   ) -> MessageSentStatus
   where
     E: std::error::Error,
   {
     match result {
       Ok(()) => MessageSentStatus::Success(client_message_id.to_string()),
       Err(err) => MessageSentStatus::Error(Failure {
         id: client_message_id.to_string(),
         error: err.to_string(),
       }),
     }
   }
 
   async fn get_device_token(
     &self,
     device_id: String,
   ) -> Result<String, SessionError> {
     let db_token = self
       .db_client
       .get_device_token(&device_id)
       .await
       .map_err(SessionError::DatabaseError)?;
 
     match db_token {
       Some(token) => {
         if token.token_invalid {
           Err(SessionError::InvalidDeviceToken)
         } else {
           Ok(token.device_token)
         }
       }
       None => Err(SessionError::MissingDeviceToken),
     }
   }
-
-  async fn invalidate_device_token(
-    &self,
-    device_id: String,
-    invalidated_token: String,
-  ) -> Result<(), SessionError> {
-    let bad_device_token_message = BadDeviceToken { invalidated_token };
-    let payload = serde_json::to_string(&bad_device_token_message)?;
-    let message_request = MessageToDeviceRequest {
-      client_message_id: uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string(),
-      device_id: device_id.to_string(),
-      payload,
-    };
-
-    self.handle_message_to_device(&message_request).await?;
-
-    self
-      .db_client
-      .mark_device_token_as_invalid(&device_id)
-      .await
-      .map_err(SessionError::DatabaseError)?;
-
-    Ok(())
-  }
 }