[native][web] Introduce a method fetching messages by ID to SQLiteAPI

Summary:
This method will be used to handle manual retries.

https://linear.app/comm/issue/ENG-8675/add-option-to-manually-retry-a-message

Depends on D12744

Test Plan: Tested in combination with the rest of the stack. Sending messages requires calling this API so checking if messages are sent tests it.

Reviewers: kamil, marcin

Reviewed By: kamil

Subscribers: ashoat

Differential Revision: https://phab.comm.dev/D12745