[SQLite] Introduce getRelatedMessages

Summary:
I'm modelling this stack after @kamil's recent one (see D12080) that introduced functions to SQLiteAPI. First I'm introducing the shared SQLite C++ code, and then I will introduce the layers on native and web that will interact with it. This diff also contains some web-specific customizations necessary on the SQLite C++ code.

This query will be used for:

1. Querying for a sidebar source's latest edit at sidebar creation time (ENG-8788)
2. Querying for a messages edits and reactions for search results (ENG-87890)

Test Plan:

1. In combination with later diffs, I tested a patch on both native and web that hit getRelatedMessages with a specific message ID and confirmed that it returned the message
2. I tested a message ID that did not exist and confirmed I got undefined back

Reviewers: kamil, tomek, marcin

Reviewed By: marcin

Differential Revision: https://phab.comm.dev/D12737